Coil Design:

Physical Characteristics:

Elementary symbol	Name	Atomic weight	Specific weight	Melting point	Boiling point	Specific heat	Coefficientof heat conduction	Element number
Ag	silver	107.880	10.49	960.80	2210	0.056(0')	1.0(0'C)	47
Al	aluminum	26.97	2.699	660.2	2060	0.223	0.53	13
As	arsenic	74.91	5.73	814	610	0.082	-	33
Au	gold	197.21	9.32	1063.0	2970	0.031	0.71	79
B	boron	10.82	2.3	2300+-300	2550	0.309	-	5
Be	beryllium	9.02	1.848	1277	2770	0.52	0.038	4
Ba	barium	137.36	33.74	704+-20	1640	0.068	-	56
Bi	bismuth	209.0	9.80	271.30	1420	0.034	0.020	83
C	carbon	12.010	2.22	3700+-100	4830	0.165	0.057	6
Ca	calcium	40.8	1.55	850+-20	1440	0.149	0.30	20
Cd	cadmium	112.41	8.65	320.9	765	0.055	0.22	48
Ce	cerium	140.13	6.9	600+-50	1440	0.042	-	58
Co	cobalt	58.94	8.85	1499+-1	2900	0.099	0.165	27
Cr	chromium	52.01	77.19	1875	2500	0.11	0.16	24
Cs	cesium	132.91	1.9	28+2	690	0.052	-	55
Cu	copper	63.54	8.96	1083.0	2600	0.092	0.94	29
Fe	iron	55.85	7.896	1536.0	2740	0.11	0.18	26
Ga	gallium	69.73	5.91	29.87	2070	0.079	-	31
Ge	germanium	72.60	5.36	958+-10	2700	0.073	-	32
Hg	mercury	200.61	13.546	38.36	357	0.033	0.0201	80
In	indium	114.76	7.31	156.4	1450	0.057	0.057	49
Ir	iridium	193.1	22.5	2454+-3	5300	0.031	0.147	7
K	potassium	39.096	0.86	63.7	770	0.177	0.24	19
La	lanthaduim	138.92	6.15	826+-5	1800	0.045	-	57
Li	lithium	6.940	0.535	186+-5	1370	0.79	0.17	3
Mg	hydrogen	24.32	1.74	650+-2	1110	0.25	0.38	12
Mn	manganess	54.93	7.43	1245	2150	0.115	-	25
Mo	molybdenum	95.95	10.22	2610	3700	0.061	0.35	42
Na	sodium	22.997	0.971	92.82	892	0.295	0.32	11
Nb	niobium	92.91	8.57	2468+-10	>3300	0.065(0'C)	-	41
Ni	nickel	58.69	8.902	1453	2730	0.112	0.198	28
Os	osmium	190.2	22.5	2700+-200	5500	0.031	-	76
P	phosphorus	30.98	1.82	441	280	0.017	-	15
Pb	lead	207.21	11.36	327.4258	1740	0.031	0.08	82
Pd	palladium	106.7	12.03	1544	4000	0.058(0'C)	0.17	46
Pt	platinium	195.23	21.45	1769	4410	0.032	0.17	78
Rb	rubidium	85.48	1.53	39+-1	680	0.080	-	37
Rn	radon	102.91	12.44	1966+-3	4500	0.059	0.21	45
Ru	ruthenium	101.7	12.2	2500+-100	4900	0.057(0'C)	-	44
S	sulfer	32.066	2.07	119.0	444.6	0.175	-	16
Sb	antimony	121.76	6.62	630.5	1440	0.049	0.045	51
Se	selenium	78.96	4.81	220+-5	680	0.084	-	34
Si	selicon	28.06	2.33	1430+-20	2300	0.162(0'C)	0.20	14
Sn	tin	118.70	7.298	231.9	2270	0.054	0.16	50
Sr	strontium	87.63	2.6	770+-10	1380	0.176	-	38
Ta	tantalum	180.88	16.654	2996+-50	>4100	0.036(0'C)	0.13	73
Tc	technetium	127.61	6.235	450+-10	1390	0.047	0.014	52
Th	thorium	232.12	11.66	1750	>3000	0.126	-	22
Ti	titanium	47.90	4.507	1688+-10	>3000	0.126	-	22
Tl	thallium	204.39	11.85	300+-3	1460	0.031	0.093	81
U	uranium	238.07	19.07	1132+-5	-	0.028	0.064	92
V	vanadium	50.95	6.1	1900+25	3460	0.120	-	23
W	tungsten	183.92	19.03	3410	5930	0.032	0.48	74
Zn	zinc	65.38	7.133	419.505	906	0.0915	0.27	30
Zr	zirconium	91.22	6.489	6.489	>2900	0.066	-	40

The history of induction heating:
    Induction heating is the process of heating conductors, (usually metals), by inducing an electric current to flow in the object to be heated. Current is induced into the object in the same manner that current is induced into the secondary of a transformer.
    An alternating current is applied to the primary of a transformer, which creates an alternating magnetic field. The secondary of the transformer is located within the magnetic field. Faraday's Law shows that an electric current will be induced into the secondary of the transformer.
    In induction heating, a coil of copper is wound around an object to be heated. The coil of copper can be compared to the transformer primary, and the object to be heated can be compared to the secondary of the transformer.
    The object to be heated acts like a single turn secondary in a transformer. Additionally, the object acts as if the single turn secondary were short circuited.
    Thus, applying an alternating current to the induction coil induces a current into the object to be heated. Imagine how a short circuit secondary on a transformer would heat up if you connected power to the primary!
    So, you can heat metals without flames and without touching the object to be heated. You can even heat the metal underwater.
    Practical induction heating has been used since the 1920's. Growth in the induction heating industry expanded very rapidly during World War II.
    Surface hardening, or case hardening, was one of the main growth areas during WWII. Military vehicles and weaponry using case hardening on axles and engine components could outlast those without case hardening.
    After the war, the technology improvements moved rapidly into the civilian sector as the demand for reliable automobiles increased.
    Induction heating equipment must create alternating currents at frequencies from 60 Hz to over 1 MHz. In the beginning, spark gap oscillators, motor driven generators and vacuum tubes were used to create the alternating current. Technology advanced and soon SCR, (Silicon Controlled Rectifier), based power supplies were used to replace older generators. Very large and powerful transistors are now used in power supplies for induction heating.
    An induction heating system is comprised of several major components.
• Power Supply ( generates the high frequency current)
• Load Matching Station ( matches the impedance of the coil to the power supply)
• Induction Coil (copper coil wrapped around object to be heated
• Water Cooling ( high power systems are water cooled to remove waste heat)